A conditional sentence consists of
two clauses; the if-clause, and the main clause. The if-clause can come first
or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses.
· Conditional Sentence Type 1
The if-clause is in the present
tense, the main clause uses will and the infinitive, or simple present.
Rumus:
IF + S + VERB
(PRESENT) , S + VERB (PRESENT)
Or
IF + S + VERB
(PRESENT) , S + WILL + VERB
Contoh:
If I have a lot of money, I'll buy a
car.
If he runs quickly, he will get there soon.
If he runs quickly, he will get there soon.
I will visit them if I have enough
time.
When do we use conditional sentence
type 1?
a.
We use conditional sentence type 1
to talk about possible situations in the present or future.
If you leave earlier, you will
not be late.
If you open the windows, the
room will get some fresh air.
b.
We often use conditional type 1 to
talk about facts or processes:
If you heat water to 100
degrees, it will boil.
If we stare into the sun, we will
hurt our eyes.
Note:
Other modal verbs can also be used
in place of will and would.
·
If it rains like this all day, the
river might flood. (might = will possibly)
·
If it rains like this all day, the
river could flood. (could = will be able to)
· Conditional Sentence Type 2
The if-clause is in the simple past
or the past continuous tense, the main clause uses would and the
infinitive, or would be and the present participle (Verb-ing).
Rumus:
IF + S + VERB (PAST),
S + VERB (PAST)
Or
IF + S + VERB (PAST),
S + WOULD + VERB
When do we use conditional sentence type 2?
Conditional sentence type 2 is used
to talk about actions or situations that are not taking place in the present or
future, but we can imagine the probable result.
·
If we didn’t live in a big
city, we would not have to breathe polluted air everyday. (In truth, we
live in a big city)
·
If he were here, I would
tell him about my plan.
(In fact, he isn’t here)
(In fact, he isn’t here)
· Conditional Sentence Type 3
The if-clause is in the past perfect
or the past perfect continuous tense, the main clause uses would have
and past participle (Verb 3), or would have been and present participle
(Verb-ing).
Rumus:
IF + S + HAD + VERB
III, S + HAD + VERB III
Or
IF + S + HAD + VERB
III, S + WOULD + HAVE + VERB III
When do we use conditional sentence
type 3?
Conditional sentence type 3 is used
to talk about actions or situations that did not take or were not taking place
in the past, but we can imagine the probable result.
o If you had come to the party last night, you would
have met my cousin. (In truth, you didn’t come to the party last night)
o If he had not been late this morning, his teacher would
not have punished him. (In truth, he was late)
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