Conditional sentence

A conditional sentence consists of two clauses; the if-clause, and the main clause. The if-clause can come first or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses.

·  Conditional Sentence Type 1

The if-clause is in the present tense, the main clause uses will and the infinitive, or simple present.

Rumus:

IF + S + VERB (PRESENT) , S + VERB (PRESENT)

Or

IF + S + VERB (PRESENT) , S + WILL + VERB

Contoh:

If I have a lot of money, I'll buy a car.
If he runs quickly, he will get there soon.

I will visit them if I have enough time.

When do we use conditional sentence type 1?

a.       We use conditional sentence type 1 to talk about possible situations in the present or future.

If you leave earlier, you will not be late.

If you open the windows, the room will get some fresh air.

b.      We often use conditional type 1 to talk about facts or processes:

If you heat water to 100 degrees, it will boil.

If we stare into the sun, we will hurt our eyes.

Note:

Other modal verbs can also be used in place of will and would.

·         If it rains like this all day, the river might flood. (might = will possibly)

·         If it rains like this all day, the river could flood. (could = will be able to)

·  Conditional Sentence Type 2

The if-clause is in the simple past or the past continuous tense, the main clause uses would and the infinitive, or would be and the present participle (Verb-ing).

Rumus:

IF + S + VERB (PAST), S + VERB (PAST)

Or                                         

IF + S + VERB (PAST), S + WOULD + VERB

When do we use conditional sentence type 2?

Conditional sentence type 2 is used to talk about actions or situations that are not taking place in the present or future, but we can imagine the probable result.

·         If we didn’t live in a big city, we would not have to breathe polluted air everyday. (In truth, we live in a big city)

·         If he were here, I would tell him about my plan.
(In fact, he isn’t here)

·  Conditional Sentence Type 3

The if-clause is in the past perfect or the past perfect continuous tense, the main clause uses would have and past participle (Verb 3), or would have been and present participle (Verb-ing).

Rumus:

IF + S + HAD + VERB III, S + HAD + VERB III

Or

IF + S + HAD + VERB III, S + WOULD + HAVE + VERB III

When do we use conditional sentence type 3?

Conditional sentence type 3 is used to talk about actions or situations that did not take or were not taking place in the past, but we can imagine the probable result.

o    If you had come to the party last night, you would have met my cousin. (In truth, you didn’t come to the party last night)

o    If he had not been late this morning, his teacher would not have punished him. (In truth, he was late)

http://www.misterguru.web.id/2011/09/conditional-sentences-type-1-type-2.html

http://englishahkam.blogspot.com/2011/08/conditional-sentence.html

Pengangguran di Depok tahun 2012

  DEPOK - Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Sosial Kota Depok menyebutkan jumlah pengangguran di Depok mencapai lebih dari 70 ribu orang. Angka itu ikut menyumbang angka kemiskinan di Depok yang saat ini mencapai 49.253 jiwa.

Kategori masyarakat miskin di Depok menurut Program Pendataan Lindungan Sosial (PPLS) Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) pada 2010 yakni 310.279 orang. Sedangkan penduduk sangat miskin mencapai 7.257 jiwa.

Kepala Bidang Perencanaan Perekonomian dan Sosial Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) Kota Depok Nuraini  menjelaskan, jumlah besar penduduk miskin disumbang oleh pengangguran.

"Oleh karena itu salah satu upaya dengan membuka lapangan pekerjaan. Para warga Depok harus dimotivasi dengan menjadi wirausahawan," ujarnya kepada wartawan, Senin (5/3/2012).

Anggota Komisi B DPRD Kota Depok dari Fraksi Gerindra Bangsa Muhammad Habe membenarkan kenaikan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) akan menimbulkan warga miskin baru. Meski begitu pihaknya tidak bisa menolak rencana kenaikan BBM tersebut.

"Ini merupakan kebijakan Pemerintah, karena itu kami di daerah tidak bisa menolaknya walaupun tahu warga miskin akan bertambah," kata Habe.

Habe menambahkan, rencana kenaikan BBM sudah diwacanakan tahun lalu oleh Pemerintah. Karenanya pada 2012, dewan menyutujui penyertaan modal bagi masyarakat Depok.

"Penyertaan modal ditujukan agar warga tersebut dapat membuka lapangan pekerjaan yang baru. Tahun ini sebanyak 1.000 warga akan mendapatkan modal. Per orang mendapatkan Rp5 juta," tandasnya.

Sumber : http://economy.okezone.com/read/2012/03/05/320/587537/pengangguran-di-depok-capai-70-ribu-orang

Menurut saya pengangguran di Depok di karenakan oleh adanya transmigrasi,karna letak kota Depok yang bersebelahan dengan Jakarta. Hal ini juga dapat di sebabkan oleh adanya pernikahan usia dini karna kurangnya bimbingan oleh orang tua mereka sehingga bisa menyebabkan ‘’baby boom’’ di daerah Depok. Lulusan Universitas yang berada di kota Depok juga melahirkan pengangguran jika para wisudawan Universitas di kota Depok tidak mendapatkan lapangan kerja dan  tidak dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja.

 Peran Pemerintah kota Depok sangatlah penting untuk memberikan penyuluhan bagi masyarakatnya agar mengerti tentang begitu sulitnya persaingan di dunia kerja dan para masyarakat kota Depok dapat menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan atau menjadi wirausaha.

Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja. Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).

Adverbial clause diawali dengan penggunaan sebuah subordinate conjunction setelah main clause. Subordinate conjunction itu antara lain : after, although, as, as if, as/so long as, as soon as, in order that, no mather, on condition that, provided (that), since, so that, so......that, much....that/ .....much thatsurposing (that), than, though, because, before, even if, even though, for fear that, if, unless, untill, what ever, when, where, when ever, where ever, wether, while.

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1.      Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:

• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.

2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:

• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:

• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:

• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:

• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
• He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini.
Contoh:

• It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. atau It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
• It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. Atau It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
  1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:

• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

  2.  Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:

• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
• Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

  3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:

• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Catatan:
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
  1)  Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a.       ADVERB CLAUSE      : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b.       MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
  2)      Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a.       ADVERB CLAUSE      : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b.       MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.


Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
1. DAPAT DIRUBAH

• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep -> While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep -> While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
• Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends -> Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH

• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

   7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:

• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.

Sumber :

http://sitisaiyah.blogspot.com/2011/03/pengertian-fungsi-dan-contoh-adverbial.html

http://tionez.blogspot.com/2011/02/adverbial-clause-adverbial-clause.html